Traditional clothing is a product of labour and also a product of culture. It is a vivid manifestation of craft techniques associated with aesthetics and carries unique cultural nuances. Each ethnic group has a way of creating decorative designs and using costumes according to their own cultural characteristics.

Dao elderly people in Tuan Mau commune (Son Dong district) teach embroidery to the younger generation.

The costumes of Tay ethnic people in districts: Luc Nam, Luc Ngan, Son Dong, Yen The and Lang Giang are often dyed indigo. The traditional shirt of Tay women is a 5-piece one. In the long shirt, there are a short shirt and a bra. The bras of young women are usually white and the elderly use green or light brown ones. Men's clothes are a four-piece shirt with two front pockets and long pants. The jewellery set of the Tay ethnic people includes head brooch, earrings and necklace...

The costumes of Dao ethnic groups are different, shown in women's clothes. Dao Thanh Phan women wear a wide-neck indigo shirt with very beautiful embroidered lozenges. Inside the lozenge, there are embroidered daisy flowers. The pants are in dark indigo, embroidered with seven layers of pattern. Black headscarves are not embroidered. Legs are wrapped with leggings. 

Meanwhile, Dao Lo Gang women have the same shirts as those of Tay women, with a 7cm-wide neck brace featuring embroidered lozenges with Sanskrit patterns inside. Surrounding are stylized water wave images embroidered by red, yellow and white threads. Dao Lo Gang women wear bras embroidered with the images of animals, birds, flowers and leaves with six silver stars in the middle; while their trousers are dyed indigo, with cuffs embroidered with six rows of stylized patterns.

Dao Thanh Y women wear indigo-dyed clothes. The sleeves of the shirt are covered with two red and white cloths or floral cloths. The shirt neck brace from the shoulders to the back are white frills, with red and blue threads embroidered on them. When wearing, the shirt body is moved from left to right, with a belt tied out. The scarf is embroidered with the 8-point star in the middle and a poem in Chinese.

Bac Giang has a system of rolling hills and mountains, mainly in mountainous and highland districts. In that natural landscape, the traditional costumes of ethnic groups bear their unique cultural nuances. Through the costumes, we can see the expressions of the life of each ethnic group. They are gender discrimination, age, status, the difference between daily clothes and those worn in holidays, festivals or weddings, funerals ... 

For example, San Diu people's clothes have long dresses, short shirts, pants, skirts, headscarfs, bras, belts and leggings. Women, when going to a festival, wear a brown dress, a black skirt with a white belt, a brown bra, a black scarf, leggings, a pair of shoes, bracelets and necklaces... Men 's clothing is simpler, with a brown shirt and short pants. San Chi ethnic people wear indigo clothes. San Chi women's costumes are more diverse with a long dress, bra, belt and headscarf and jewellery.

Costumes create a unique characteristic of each ethnic group. In the period of industrialization and modernization, many ethnic groups are facing the risk of losing their cultural features including traditional costumes. The preservation and promotion of traditional costumes of ethnic minorities in Bac Giang are essential to preserve the unique cultural heritage of the nation.

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Dong Ngoc Duong